Quality of experience measurement and reporting

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may measure quality of experience (QoE) metrics and transmit a QoE report that is formatted to be readable by a base station, such that a base station may receive the QoE report and independently perform adjustments associated with the service being utilized by the UE. A UE may receive a configuration message that includes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a base station and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoE server. The UE may measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with the configuration message, and generate a first report for the base station based on the QoE measurements and the first configuration. Upon generating the report, the UE may transmit the first report to the base station in accordance with the first configuration.

CROSS REFERENCE

The present Application for Patent claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 63/064,815 by KRISHNAN et al.,entitled “QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING,” filed Aug.12, 2020, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated byreference herein.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The following relates to wireless communications, including quality ofexperience (QoE) measurement and reporting.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable ofsupporting communication with multiple users by sharing the availablesystem resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of suchmultiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such asLong Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, orLTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may bereferred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employtechnologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time divisionmultiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA),orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discreteFourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system mayinclude one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes,each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communicationdevices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).

In some wireless communications systems, a UE may be configured with aquality of experience (QoE) measurement configuration that the UE mayuse to measure QoE metrics of a service being utilized by the UE and toreport the QoE measurements to a base station. The base station mayrelay the QoE measurements to a QoE server. The QoE server may performor indicate to the base station adjustments to make to parametersassociated with the service to improve the QoE associated with thatservice. Conventional techniques for measuring and reporting QoEmeasurements may be improved.

SUMMARY

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices,and apparatuses that support quality of experience (QoE) measurement andreporting. Generally, the described techniques provide for a userequipment (UE) to measure QoE metrics and transmit a QoE report that isformatted to be readable by a base station (e.g., understandable to thebase station, the base station may perform actions based on the QoEreport), such that a base station may receive the QoE report andindependently perform adjustments associated with the service beingutilized by the UE. In some cases, the described techniques may providefor real-time QoE reporting between a UE, base station, and in somecases, a QoE server. Further, the described techniques may provide forQoE measurements to be readable by different types of units of adisaggregated base station (e.g., a base station with a central unit(CU) and distributed unit (DU) split). For example, a UE may receive aconfiguration message that includes a first configuration for reportingQoE measurements to a base station and a second configuration forreporting QoE measurements to a QoE server. The UE may measure one ormore QoE metrics in accordance with the configuration message, andgenerate a first report for the base station based on the QoEmeasurements and the first configuration. Upon generating the report,the UE may transmit at least the first report to the base station inaccordance with the first configuration.

A method of wireless communications at a UE is described. The method mayinclude receiving a configuration message that includes a firstconfiguration for reporting QoE measurements to a base station and asecond configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoE server,measuring one or more QoE metrics in accordance with the configurationmessage, generating a first report for the base station based on the QoEmeasurements and the first configuration, and transmitting the firstreport to the base station in accordance with the first configuration,the first report including a set of QoE metrics that are formatted to bereadable by the base station.

An apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus mayinclude a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to receive a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a basestation and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to aQoE server, measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with theconfiguration message, generate a first report for the base stationbased on the QoE measurements and the first configuration, and transmitthe first report to the base station in accordance with the firstconfiguration, the first report including a set of QoE metrics that areformatted to be readable by the base station.

Another apparatus for wireless communications is described. Theapparatus may include means for receiving a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a basestation and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to aQoE server, measuring one or more QoE metrics in accordance with theconfiguration message, generating a first report for the base stationbased on the QoE measurements and the first configuration, andtransmitting the first report to the base station in accordance with thefirst configuration, the first report including a set of QoE metricsthat are formatted to be readable by the base station.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wirelesscommunications is described. The code may include instructionsexecutable by a processor to receive a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a basestation and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to aQoE server, measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with theconfiguration message, generate a first report for the base stationbased on the QoE measurements and the first configuration, and transmitthe first report to the base station in accordance with the firstconfiguration, the first report including a set of QoE metrics that areformatted to be readable by the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first reportto the base station further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for transmitting the first report to a CU of the basestation, the base station including the CU and one or more DUs.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first reportto the CU of the base station may include operations, features, means,or instructions for transmitting the first report via an applicationslayer report in accordance with the first configuration.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first reportto the base station further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for transmitting the first report to a DU of the basestation, the base station including a CU and one or more DUs.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first reportto the DU of the base station may include operations, features, means,or instructions for transmitting the first report via an uplink mediumaccess control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) in accordance with thefirst configuration.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first reportto the base station further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for transmitting a set of QoE metrics that may be formattedto be readable by the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting an overall QoE satisfaction level metric as one of the setof QoE metrics, the overall QoE satisfaction level metric indicating alevel of satisfaction associated with a service provided to the UE viathe base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting a bitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofQoE metrics, the bitrate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting a delay satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoEmetrics, the delay satisfaction level indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with an experienced delay in communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting an error rate satisfaction level metric as one of the setof QoE metrics, the error rate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a packet error rate (PER) used forcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of anaverage throughput associated with communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station, an indication of aretransmission probability for the communications pertaining to theservice, a standard deviation associated with the communicationspertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of anaverage hypertext transmission protocol (HTTP) response time associatedwith communications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via thebase station, a connection setup time for the communications pertainingto the service, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the first report includes atype of service provided to the UE via the base station and with whichthe one or more QoE measurements may be associated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the first report includes areal time QoE report indicating the one or more QoE measurements.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the configuration message maybe received from a CU of the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the configuration messageincludes a type of service with which the QoE measurements may beassociated.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for generating a secondreport for the QoE server based on the QoE measurements and the secondconfiguration, and transmitting the second report to the QoE server viathe base station.

A method of wireless communications at a base station is described. Themethod may include transmitting, to a UE, a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to thebase station and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurementsto a QoE server, receiving, from the UE, a first report in accordancewith the first configuration, the first report including a set of QoEmetrics and a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoE metrics areformatted to be readable by the base station, and determining, based onthe set of QoE measurements included in the first report, whether toadjust one or more parameters for communicating with the UE inassociation with a service provided to the UE, where the set of qualityof service measurements relate to the service.

An apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus mayinclude a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a UE, a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingQoE measurements to a QoE server, receive, from the UE, a first reportin accordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics and a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoEmetrics are formatted to be readable by the base station, and determine,based on the set of QoE measurements included in the first report,whether to adjust one or more parameters for communicating with the UEin association with a service provided to the UE, where the set ofquality of service measurements relate to the service.

Another apparatus for wireless communications is described. Theapparatus may include means for transmitting, to a UE, a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingQoE measurements to a QoE server, receiving, from the UE, a first reportin accordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics and a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoEmetrics are formatted to be readable by the base station, anddetermining, based on the set of QoE measurements included in the firstreport, whether to adjust one or more parameters for communicating withthe UE in association with a service provided to the UE, where the setof quality of service measurements relate to the service.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wirelesscommunications is described. The code may include instructionsexecutable by a processor to transmit, to a UE, a configuration messagethat includes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to abase station and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurementsto a QoE server, receive, from the UE, a first report in accordance withthe first configuration, the first report including a set of QoE metricsand a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoE metrics areformatted to be readable by the base station, and determine, based onthe set of QoE measurements included in the first report, whether toadjust one or more parameters for communicating with the UE inassociation with a service provided to the UE, where the set of qualityof service measurements relate to the service.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first reportfrom the UE further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for receiving the first report at a CU of the base station,the base station including the CU and one or more DUs.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first report atthe CU of the base station may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for receiving the first report via an applications layerreport in accordance with the first configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to a DUof the base station, a third report including at least a portion of theQoE measurements included in the first report.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the third report includes aset of QoE metrics that may be formatted to be readable by the basestation and a type of service provided to the UE via the base stationand with which the one or more QoE measurements may be associated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the CU of the base stationtransmits the third report to the DU of the base station via an F1application protocol interface or via a UE Context Setup or Modificationprocedure.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the third report may be anon-real time report.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first reportfrom the UE further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for receiving the first report at a DU of the base station,the base station including a CU and one or more DUs.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first report atthe DU of the base station may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for receiving the first report via an uplink MAC-CE inaccordance with the first configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the CUof the base station, a third report including at least a portion of theQoE measurements included in the first report.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the third report includes areal-time QoE report received at the DU from the UE.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the DU of the base stationtransmits the third report to the CU of the base station via an F1application protocol interface.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the CU includes a CU userplane (CU-UP) and a CU control plane (CU-CP), where the CU control planereceives the third report from the DU and forwards the third report tothe CU user plane via an E1 application protocol interface using abearer context setup or modification procedure.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first reportfrom the UE further may include operations, features, means, orinstructions for receiving a set of QoE metrics that may be formatted tobe readable by the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving an overall QoE satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofQoE metrics, the overall QoE satisfaction level metric indicating alevel of satisfaction associated with a service provided to the UE viathe base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving a bitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoEmetrics, the bitrate satisfaction level metric indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving a delay satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoEmetrics, the delay satisfaction level metric indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with an experienced delay in communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving an error rate satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofQoE metrics, the error rate satisfaction level metric indicating a levelof satisfaction associated with a PER used for communications pertainingto a service provided to the UE via the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of an averagethroughput associated with communications pertaining to a serviceprovided to the UE via the base station, an indication of aretransmission probability for the communications pertaining to theservice, a standard deviation associated with the communicationspertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, receiving the set of QoEmetrics may include operations, features, means, or instructions forreceiving, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of an averageHTTP response time associated with communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station, a connection setup timefor the communications pertaining to the service, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the first report includes atype of service provided to the UE via the base station and with whichthe one or more QoE measurements may be associated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the first report includes areal time QoE report indicating the one or more QoE measurements.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the configuration message maybe transmitted from a CU of the base station.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the configuration messageincludes a type of service with which the QoE measurements may beassociated.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE,a second report in accordance with the second configuration, where theintended recipient of the second report may be the QoE server, andrelaying the second report to the QoE server.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communicationsthat supports quality of experience (QoE) measurement and reporting inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communicationsthat supports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspectsof the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3 through 5 illustrate examples of process flows that support QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supportsQoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supportsQoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 14 through 17 show flowcharts illustrating methods that supportQoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may beconfigured to measure quality of experience (QoE) metrics and report theQoE measurements to a base station, where the base station may relay theQoE measurements to a QoE server. The QoE measurements may indicate howthe UE is experiencing an application served by the base station, suchas a streaming application, chat application, video application, etc.Based on the QoE measurements, the QoE server may determine whetheradjustments associated with providing the application should be made bythe QoE server, or the base station, or both, to improve the quality theUE experiences while using the application. In conventional QoEmeasurement and reporting, the QoE report the UE may transmit to thebase station may be in a configuration that is un-readable by the basestation. As such, the base station must relay the QoE report the QoEserver and wait for instructions from the QoE server on adjustments tomake to optimize the QoE associated with an application. Further, QoEmeasurement and reporting may not be supported by a disaggregated basestation (e.g., a base station split into a central unit (CU) and atleast one distributed unit (DU)), which may adversely impact the abilityof a CU or DU to optimize functionality of the CU, or DU, respectively.For example, a DU may not be able to perform medium access control (MAC)scheduling, beam management, etc. based on QoE reporting and optimizeapplication performance based on radio conditions. Additionally, ascurrent QoE configuration and reporting is radio resource control (RRC)based, only non-real-time QoE optimizations may be possible. Theseconventional techniques for QoE measurement and reporting may adverselyimpact the reliability and efficiency of the network becauseoptimization opportunities are limited.

To improve network performance, throughput, and reliability, a basestation-readable (e.g., RAN-aware) QoE report may be configured by a UE,where a base station-readable QoE configuration that defines theparameters for measuring and reporting the base station-readable QoEreport may be configured by a base station (e.g., an aggregated basestation, or by a unit of a disaggregated base station such as a CU orDU). As such, the UE may receive a configuration message that includesmultiple configurations, such as a base station-readable QoEconfiguration and a QoE server configuration. The UE may measure QoEmetrics and configure two reports, one intended for the base station,and one intended for the QoE server. The two reports may indicate thesame or similar information, or different information associated withthe QoE measurements and may be configured into a single message the UEmay transmit to the base station. In some cases, the UE may transmit thetwo reports separately.

In some implementations, such as when the UE is connected to adisaggregated base station, the UE may transmit the QoE server report,or the base station-readable QoE report, or both to the CU of the basestation. The CU may relay at least the base station-readable QoE report,or a similar report, to the DU of the base station. In someimplementations, the UE may transmit at least the base station-readableQoE report to the DU of the base station, and the DU may relay the basestation-readable QoE report, or a similar report, to the CU of the basestation. In some cases, the base station-readable QoE report the UE maytransmit to the DU, or the report the DU may transmit to the CU, or bothmay be real-time reports. For example, the base station-readable reportmay be transmitted to the DU via a MAC-CE. As such, separate units of adisaggregated base station may determine and perform adjustmentsassociated with functionalities of the unit to support improved QoE atthe UE without waiting for instructions from the QoE server or anotherunit.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described herein may beimplemented to realize one or more advantages. The described techniquesmay support improvements in QoE measurement and reporting by improvingflexibility in the network, improving reliability, and decreasinglatency among other advantages. As such, supported techniques mayinclude improved network operations and, in some examples, may promotenetwork efficiencies, among other benefits.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context ofwireless communications systems. Aspects are then described with respectto process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated byand described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, andflowcharts that relate to QoE measurement and reporting.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100that supports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspectsof the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 mayinclude one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a corenetwork 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In someexamples, the wireless communications system 100 may support enhancedbroadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical)communications, low latency communications, communications with low-costand low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

The base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area toform the wireless communications system 100 and may be devices indifferent forms or having different capabilities. The base stations 105and the UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communicationlinks 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 overwhich the UEs 115 and the base station 105 may establish one or morecommunication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of ageographic area over which a base station 105 and a UE 115 may supportthe communication of signals according to one or more radio accesstechnologies.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of thewireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary,or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices indifferent forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be able tocommunicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, thebase stations 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relaydevices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other networkequipment), as shown in FIG. 1.

The base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or withone another, or both. For example, the base stations 105 may interfacewith the core network 130 through one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g.,via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations 105 maycommunicate with one another over the backhaul links 120 (e.g., via anX2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between basestations 105), or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130), or both. Insome examples, the backhaul links 120 may be or include one or morewireless links.

One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include or maybe referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a basetransceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radiotransceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or agiga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB,a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology.

A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, awireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriberdevice, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may alsobe referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, amongother examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as apersonal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personalcomputer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as awireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device,an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications(MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in variousobjects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.

The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with varioustypes of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relaysas well as the base stations 105 and the network equipment includingmacro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations,among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.

The UEs 115 and the base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate withone another via one or more communication links 125 over one or morecarriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequencyspectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure forsupporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used fora communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequencyspectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated accordingto one or more physical layer channels for a given radio accesstechnology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layerchannel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals,system information), control signaling that coordinates operation forthe carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communicationssystem 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrieraggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured withmultiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink componentcarriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrieraggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) andtime division duplexing (TDD) component carriers.

Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiplesubcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques suchas orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fouriertransform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCMtechniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., aduration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbolperiod and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bitscarried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme(e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of themodulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, thehigher the data rate may be for the UE 115. A wireless communicationsresource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrumresource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layersor beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increasethe data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

The time intervals for the base stations 105 or the UEs 115 may beexpressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example,refer to a sampling period of T_(s)=1/(Δf_(max)·N_(f)) seconds, whereΔf_(max) may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, andN_(f) may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform(DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organizedaccording to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system framenumber (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes orslots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In someexamples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) intosubframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number ofslots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots,and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot mayinclude a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of thecyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wirelesscommunications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiplemini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix,each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N_(f)) samplingperiods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrierspacing or frequency band of operation.

A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallestscheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wirelesscommunications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission timeinterval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number ofsymbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively,the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to varioustechniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel maybe multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more oftime division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency divisionmultiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A controlregion (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical controlchannel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extendacross the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of thecarrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configuredfor a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 maymonitor or search control regions for control information according toone or more search space sets, and each search space set may include oneor multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levelsarranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a controlchannel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources(e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encodedinformation for a control information format having a given payloadsize. Search space sets may include common search space sets configuredfor sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specificsearch space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.

In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable and thereforeprovide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110associated with different technologies may overlap, but the differentgeographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station105. In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas 110associated with different technologies may be supported by differentbase stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include,for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of thebase stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to supportultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or variouscombinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latencycommunications (URLLC) or mission critical communications. The UEs 115may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or criticalfunctions (e.g., mission critical functions). Ultra-reliablecommunications may include private communication or group communicationand may be supported by one or more mission critical services such asmission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission critical video (MCVideo),or mission critical data (MCData). Support for mission criticalfunctions may include prioritization of services, and mission criticalservices may be used for public safety or general commercialapplications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission critical,and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

In some examples, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly withother UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135(e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs 115utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outsidethe geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 or be otherwiseunable to receive transmissions from a base station 105. In someexamples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications mayutilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits toevery other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, a base station 105facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In othercases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs 115 withoutthe involvement of a base station 105.

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, accessauthorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and otheraccess, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be anevolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at leastone control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., amobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility managementfunction (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packetsor interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), aPacket Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function(UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS)functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management forthe UEs 115 served by the base stations 105 associated with the corenetwork 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user planeentity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as otherfunctions. The user plane entity may be connected to the networkoperators IP services 150. The network operators IP services 150 mayinclude access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

Some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, may includesubcomponents such as an access network entity 140, which may be anexample of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity140 may communicate with the UEs 115 through one or more other accessnetwork transmission entities 145, which may be referred to as radioheads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Eachaccess network transmission entity 145 may include one or more antennapanels. In some configurations, various functions of each access networkentity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various networkdevices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a singlenetwork device (e.g., a base station 105).

The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or morefrequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known asthe ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because thewavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter inlength. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings andenvironmental features, but the waves may penetrate structuressufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 locatedindoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smallerantennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared totransmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the highfrequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrumbelow 300 MHz.

The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed andunlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wirelesscommunications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA),LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in anunlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical(ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands,devices such as the base stations 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carriersensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples,operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregationconfiguration in conjunction with component carriers operating in alicensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum may includedownlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2Dtransmissions, among other examples.

A base station 105 or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas,which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity,receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications,or beamforming. The antennas of a base station 105 or a UE 115 may belocated within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which maysupport MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example,one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located atan antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples,antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may belocated in diverse geographic locations. A base station 105 may have anantenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports thatthe base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communicationswith a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arraysthat may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally oralternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamformingfor a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering,directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signalprocessing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or areceiving device (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115) to shape or steeran antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatialpath between the transmitting device and the receiving device.Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated viaantenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagatingat particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experienceconstructive interference while others experience destructiveinterference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antennaelements may include a transmitting device or a receiving deviceapplying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carriedvia the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustmentsassociated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by abeamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g.,with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device orreceiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

To support improved network performance, throughput, and reliability, aUE 115 may be configured to measure QoE metrics and transmit a QoEreport that is formatted to be readable by a base station 105, such thata base station 105 may receive the QoE report and independently performadjustments associated with the service being utilized by the UE 115. Insome cases, the described techniques may provide for real-time QoEreporting between a UE 115, a base station 105, and in some cases a QoEserver. Further, the described techniques may provide for QoEmeasurements to be readable by different types of units of adisaggregated base station (e.g., a base station with CU-DU split). Forexample, a UE 115 may receive a configuration message that includes afirst configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a base station 105and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoEserver. The UE 115 may measure one or more QoE metrics in accordancewith the configuration message, and generate a first report for the basestation 105 (or a unit of the base station 105) based on the QoEmeasurements and the first configuration. Upon generating the report,the UE 115 may transmit the first report to the base station 105 inaccordance with the first configuration.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200that supports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspectsof the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 mayinclude base station 105-a and UE 115-a, which may be examples of a basestation 105 and UEs 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1. Basestation 105-a may serve a geographic coverage area 110-a. In some cases,UE 115-a may be configured to perform a QoE measurement and reportingprocedure. Additionally or alternatively, other wireless devices, suchas base station 105-a may implement a same or similar QoE measurementand reporting procedure.

In some cases, UE 115-a may communicate with base station 105-a viacommunication links, where base station 105-a may support the use of anapplication (e.g., video application, streaming application, chatapplication, voice application) by UE 115-a. For example, UE 115-a maytransmit uplink signals to base station 105-a via communication link215-b and base station 105-a may transmit downlink signals to UE 115-avia communication link 215-a, such as uplink signals, or downlinksignals, or both associated with an application. In some cases, basestation 105-a may be a disaggregated base station 105 such that basestation 105-a is split into separate units. Base station 105-a mayinclude a CU 210, and one or more DUs 205. In some cases, the CU 210 maycommunicate with the one or more DUs 205 via a communication link 215,such as communication link 215-c. In the case of a disaggregated basestation 105, UE 115-a may communicate directly with a CU 210 of basestation 105-a, or a DU 205 of base station 105-a, or both viacommunication links 215-a and 215-b.

In some implementations, UE 115-a may utilize an application served bybase station 105-a. While utilizing the application, UE 115-a may beconfigured to measure QoE metrics such as throughput, error rate, etc.and to report the QoE measurements that are associated with theapplication to base station 105-a that is serving the application. Basestation 105-a may relay the QoE measurements to a QoE server and the QoEserver may adjust one or more parameters associated with application toimprove application performance based on the QoE measurements. In somecases, the QoE server may relay one or more adjustments for base station105-a to make to traffic parameters associated with serving theapplication so as to improve the QoE.

For example, a UE 115-a may be configured to measure the QoE metrics viaa QoE measurement configuration message that UE 115-a may receive frombase station 105-a over communication link 215-a. In some cases, basestation 105-a may have received the QoE measurement configurationmessage from a QoE server. For example, upon receiving a QoEconfiguration from the QoE server, base station 105-a may relay the QoEconfiguration to UE 115-a via an RRC message, such as an RRCreconfiguration message, while the UE 115 is in an RRC connected modewith base station 105-a. Base station 105-a may include the QoEconfiguration in a field associated with the application layer (e.g.,measConfigAppLayer), where the measConfigAppLayer field of the RRCreconfiguration message may include the QoE configuration and the typeof service the QoE configuration is associated with. UE 115-a maymeasure the QoE metrics and report the QoE measurements, to base station105-a, in a message associated with the application layer (e.g.,measReportAppLayer), where the measReportAppLayer message may includethe QoE report and an indication of the service type the QoE report isassociated with. In conventional communications systems, in response toreceiving the measReportAppLayer message, base station 105-a may relaythe QoE report within the measReportAppLayer message to the QoE serverand wait to perform adjustments to traffic parameters associated withthe application until receiving instructions from the QoE server. Assuch, reliability, performance, and efficiency associated with QoEoptimization may suffer.

To improve the quality and performance of applications being used by aUE 115, the QoE procedure may be improved to allow a UE 115 to configurebase station-readable measurement reports associated with QoE. Theparameters of the base station-readable measurement report may bedefined by a base station-readable QoE configuration that may betransmitted by base station 105-a (or a unit of the base station such asa CU 210 or DU 205) to UE 115-a prior to UE 115-a configuring the basestation-readable measurement report. For example, UE 115-a may receive,from base station 105-a via communication link 215-a, a configurationmessage that includes multiple configurations, such as a basestation-readable QoE configuration and a QoE server configuration. TheQoE server configuration may be utilized by UE 115-a to generate a QoEreport for the QoE server that may be un-readable by base station 105-a.UE 115-a may measure QoE metrics associated with a service UE 115-a isutilizing and in accordance with the received configurations and UE115-a may configure two reports, one intended for base station 105-a,and one intended for the QoE server. The two reports may indicate thesame or similar information, or different information associated withthe QoE measurements and may be configured into a single message UE115-a may transmit to base station 105-a (or to a unit of the basestation such as a CU 210 or DU 205) via communication link 215-b. Insome cases, UE 115-a may transmit the two reports separately to basestation 105-a.

In some cases, such as when UE 115-a is connected to a disaggregatedbase station (such as base station 105-a), UE 115-a may transmit the QoEserver report, or the base station-readable QoE report, or both to theCU 210 of base station 105-a. The CU 210 may relay at least the basestation-readable QoE report to the DU 205 of base station 105-a viacommunication link 215-c. In some cases, UE 115-a may transmit at leastthe base station-readable QoE report to the DU 205, and the DU 205 mayrelay the base station-readable QoE report to the CU 210. In someimplementations, the base station-readable QoE report that UE 115-a maytransmit to the DU 205, or the report the DU 205 may transmit to the CU,or both may be real-time reports. For example, the base station-readablereport may be transmitted to the DU 205 via a MAC-CE. As such, separateunits of a disaggregated base station 105 may determine and performadjustments associated with functionalities of the unit to supportimproved QoE at UE 115-a without waiting for instructions from the QoEserver or another unit.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a process flow 300 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The process flow 300 may illustrate an example QoEmeasurement and reporting procedure. For example, a base station may besplit into a CU 310 and at least one DU 305, where the CU 310, or DU305, or both may participate with UE 115-b in the QoE measurement andreporting procedure. CU 310 and DU 305 may be part of a base station,where the base station and UE 115-b may be examples of the correspondingwireless devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Alternativeexamples of the following may be implemented, where some steps areperformed in a different order than described or are not performed atall. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentionedbelow, or further steps may be added.

As described with reference to FIG. 2, a UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-b) mayreceive a base station-readable QoE configuration that may indicate oneor more parameters to indicate how UE 115-b should measure QoE metricsand report the QoE measurements. For example, at 315, CU 310 (or a basestation, or DU 305) may transmit an RRC reconfiguration message to UE115-b. The RRC reconfiguration message may include an application layermeasurement configuration field (e.g., measConfigAppLayer). Theapplication layer measurement configuration may include a QoEconfiguration for measuring and reporting QoE measurements to a QoEserver, a base station-readable QoE configuration for measuring andreporting QoE measurements to a base station (or one or more units of abase station), and a service type that the QoE configurations areassociated with. In some cases, UE 115-b may receive the RRCreconfiguration message while UE 115-b is in a connected mode with thebase station of CU 310.

The base station-readable QoE configuration may indicate that UE 115-bshould measure and report one or more metrics associated with theservice associated with the service type indicated in the applicationlayer measurement configuration field. In some cases, the one or moremetrics may include one or more satisfaction levels where UE 115-b maydetermine a level of satisfaction associated with certain communicationparameters UE 115-b is experiencing on a preconfigured scale. Forexample, of the one or more satisfaction levels may include an overallQoE satisfaction level. The overall QoE satisfaction level may be basedon any number of communication parameters, or any number of othersatisfaction levels associated with the service provided to UE 115-b.For example, the overall satisfaction level may be the averagesatisfaction level of a combined set of satisfaction levels (e.g.,satisfaction levels associated with bitrate, delay, error). The scaleassociated with the overall QoE satisfaction level may include anynumber of integers. For example, the scale may include integers 1through 5, where 1 may indicate an unacceptable quality (e.g., thefunctionality of the service is diminished or nonexistent at the currentQoE), 2 may indicate that the overall satisfaction while using theservice is lower than average, but the service (e.g., application)continues to function, 3 may indicate an average overall satisfactionlevel, 4 may indicate that the overall satisfaction level is aboveaverage, and a 5 may indicate the highest or near highest overall QoE UE115-b has experienced.

In another example, the one or more satisfaction levels may include abitrate satisfaction level, a delay satisfaction level, or a packeterror rate (PER) satisfaction level, or a combination thereof. Thescales of each of the one or more satisfaction levels may be the same ordifferent. For example, each satisfaction level may be associated with ascale of the same granularity, where each satisfaction level (e.g.,overall, bitrate, delay, PER) is associated with a scale of 1 through 5.In another example, each satisfaction level may be associated with adifferent scale such that the overall satisfaction level may be assigneda scale of 1 through 5, where the bitrate satisfaction level may beassigned a scale of 1 through 10, and the delay satisfaction level maybe assigned a scale of 1 through 3. The scale associated with eachsatisfaction level and what each number means may be a static orsemi-static configuration, or may be configured dynamically.

In some cases, the one or more metrics may include average throughputassociated with the service, a retransmission probability (e.g., howlikely communications associated with the service will need to beretransmitted), or an indication of delay associated with the service,where UE 115-b may measure and report numerical values (e.g., actualvalues measured rather than an integer on a scale) for each of thethroughput, retransmission probability, and delay metrics. In somecases, as part of the indication of delay, UE 115-a may measure anaverage delay experienced with the service, and in some cases, thejitter (e.g., standard deviation) associated with the average.Additionally or alternatively, the one or more metrics may includehypertext transmission protocol (HTTP) and/or hypertext transferprotocol secure (HTTPS) QoE related metrics such as an average HTTPresponse time, an average HTTPS response time, or both and/or, in somecases, may include a connection setup time.

The QoE configuration intended for the QoE server may indicate that UE115-b should measure one or more metrics associated with the serviceassociated with the service type indicated in the application layermeasurement configuration field. In some cases, one or more of themetrics indicated in the QoE server configuration may be the same as oneor more of the metrics indicated in the base station-readable QoEreport. For example, the QoE server configuration may indicate the UE115-b should measure and report at least one or more of a throughputassociated with the service, a retransmission probability, an indicationof delay associated with the service, etc.

In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, UE 115-b mayidentify the one or more metrics to measure based on the QoE serverconfiguration and the base station-readable QoE configuration. UE 115-bmay measure the one or more metrics associated with the serviceindicated in the RRC reconfiguration message and configure a report totransmit to the base station. In some cases, UE 115-b may configure thereport to be transmitted to the CU 310 of the base station. In somecases, UE 115-b may receive an indication to configure and transmit thereport to the CU 310, where the indication may be included in the RRCreconfiguration message, in some other message, or may be preconfigured.

At 320, UE 115-b may transmit the report to the CU 310. In some cases,the report may be associated with the application layer of UE 115-b. Forexample, UE 115-b may transmit the report as a measReportAppLayermessage. The report may include the QoE server report, or the basestation-readable report, or both. Additionally or alternatively, thereport may include an indication of the service type associated with thebase station-readable QoE report. In some cases, the CU 310 may relaythe QoE server report to the QoE server.

At 325, the CU 310 may transmit a QoE measurement report to the DU 305.In some implementations, the QoE measurement report the CU 310 maytransmit to the DU 305 may be referred to as a non-real time QoE report.The QoE measurement report to the DU 305 may include at least a portionof the base station-readable QoE measurements received by the CU 310.Additionally or alternatively, the QoE measurement report to the DU 305may include an indication of the service type associated with the QoEmeasurement report. In some cases, the CU 310 may transmit the QoEmeasurement report to the DU 305 over the F1 application protocol (F1AP)interface. Additionally or alternatively, the CU 310 may utilize a UEcontext setup or modification procedure to forward the basestation-readable QoE metrics to the DU 305.

As both the CU 310 and the DU 305 received the base station-readable QoEmeasurements, the CU 310, or the DU 305, or both may perform adjustmentsto one or more parameters for communicating with UE 115-b that areassociated with the service to improve (e.g., optimize) QoE.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The process flow 400 may illustrate an example QoEmeasurement and reporting procedure. For example, a base station may besplit into a CU 410 and at least one DU 405, where the CU 410, or DU405, or both may participate with UE 115-c in the QoE measurement andreporting procedure. CU 410 and DU 405 may be part of a base station,where the base station and UE 115-c may be examples of the correspondingwireless devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3.Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where somesteps are performed in a different order than described or are notperformed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional featuresnot mentioned below, or further steps may be added.

As described with reference to FIG. 3, a UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-c) mayreceive a base station-readable QoE configuration that may indicate oneor more parameters to indicate how UE 115-c should measure QoE metricsand report the QoE measurements. For example, at 415, CU 410 (or a basestation, or DU 405) may transmit an RRC reconfiguration message to UE115-c. The RRC reconfiguration message may include an application layermeasurement configuration field (e.g., measConfigAppLayer). Theapplication layer measurement configuration may include a QoEconfiguration for measuring and reporting QoE measurements to a QoEserver, a base station-readable QoE configuration for measuring andreporting QoE measurements to a base station (or one or more units of abase station), and a service type that the QoE configurations areassociated with. In some cases, UE 115-c may receive the RRCreconfiguration message while UE 115-c is in a connected mode with thebase station associated with the CU 410. The metrics included in each ofthe QoE server configuration and the base station-readable QoEconfiguration are described in the description of FIG. 3.

In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, UE 115-c mayidentify the one or more metrics (e.g., throughput, satisfaction levels,connection setup time, etc. as described with reference to FIG. 3) tomeasure based on the QoE server configuration and the basestation-readable configuration. UE 115-c may measure the one or moremetrics associated with the service indicated in the RRC reconfigurationmessage and configure a report to transmit to the base station. In somecases, UE 115-b may configure the report to be transmitted to the DU 405of the base station. In some cases, UE 115-b may receive an indicationto configure and transmit the report to the DU, where the indication maybe included in the RRC reconfiguration message, some other message, ormay be preconfigured.

At 420, UE 115-c may transmit the report to the DU 405. The report mayinclude the QoE server report, or the base station-readable report, orboth. Additionally or alternatively, the report may include anindication of the service type associated with the base station-readableQoE report. In some cases, UE 115-c may transmit the basestation-readable report to the DU 405, and transmit the QoE serverreport to the CU 410, where the CU 410 may relay the QoE server reportto the QoE server. In some cases, UE 115-c may transmit the report via aMAC-CE. As the report may be transmitted via a MAC-CE, the QoE report(including the base station-readable report, or the QoE server report,or both) may be referred to as a real-time report because MAC-CEs may betransmitted on the order of seconds.

At 425, the DU 405 may transmit the base station-readable QoEmeasurement report, or the QoE server report, or both to the CU 410. Inthe case where the DU 405 transmits the QoE server report to the CU 410,the CU 410 may relay the QoE server report to the QoE server (e.g., in anon-real-time, or a real-time report). In some implementations, the QoEmeasurement report the DU 405 may transmit to the CU 410 may be referredto as a real-time QoE report. In some cases, the QoE measurement reportto the CU 410 may include an indication of the service type associatedwith the QoE measurement report. In some cases, the DU 405 may transmitthe QoE measurement report to the CU 410 over the FlAP interface.Additionally or alternatively, the DU 405 may transmit the QoEmeasurement report to the CU control plane (CU-CP), such as over theF1AP interface, and the CU-UP may send the QoE measurement report to theCU user plane (CU-UP) via an E1 application protocol (E1AP) interface.The CU-CP may send the QoE measurement report to the CU-UP via a bearercontext setup or modification procedure.

As both the CU 410 and the DU 405 received the base station-readable QoEmeasurements, the CU 410, or the DU 405, or both may perform adjustmentsto one or more parameters for communicating with UE 115-c that areassociated with the service to improve (e.g., optimize) QoE.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a process flow 500 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The process flow 500 may illustrate an example QoEmeasurement and reporting procedure. For example, UE 115-d may measureQoE metrics and report the QoE measurements to base station 105 b. Basestation 105-d and UE 115-d may be examples of the corresponding wirelessdevices described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 4. In some cases,instead of UE 115-d implementing the QoE measurement and reportingprocedure, a different type of wireless device (e.g., a base station105) may perform the QoE measurement and reporting procedure.Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where somesteps are performed in a different order than described or are notperformed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional featuresnot mentioned below, or further steps may be added.

At 505, UE 115-d may receive, from base station 105-b (or from one ormore units of base station 105-b), a configuration message that includesa first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a base stationand a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoEserver. The configuration message may be received from a CU of basestation 105-b. In some implementations, the configuration message mayinclude a type of service with which the QoE measurements areassociated.

At 510, UE 115-d may measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance withthe configuration message.

At 515, UE 115-d may generate a first report for the base station basedon the QoE measurements and the first configuration. In some cases, thefirst report may include a type of service provided to UE 115-d via basestation 105-b and with which the one or more QoE measurements areassociated. The first report may include a real time QoE reportindicating the one or more QoE measurements.

At 520, UE 115-d may transmit, to base station 105-b (or to one or moreunits of base station 105-b), the first report in accordance with thefirst configuration. In some cases, UE 115-d may transmit the firstreport to a CU of base station 105-b, such as, via an application layerreport in accordance with the first configuration. In some cases, UE115-d may transmit the first report to the DU of base station 105-b. UE115-d may transmit the first report to the DU via an uplink MAC-CE inaccordance with the first configuration.

As part of transmitting the first report, UE 115-d may transmit a set ofQoE metrics that are formatted to be readable by base station 105-b. Theset of QoE metrics may include an overall QoE satisfaction level metricas one of the set of QoE metrics, the overall QoE satisfaction levelmetric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with a serviceprovided to UE 115-d via base station 105-b. The set of QoE metrics mayinclude a bitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoEmetrics, the bitrate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to UE 115-d via base station 105-b. Theset of QoE metrics may include a delay satisfaction level metric as oneof the set of QoE metrics, the delay satisfaction level indicating alevel of satisfaction associated with an experienced delay incommunications pertaining to a service provided to UE 115-d via basestation 105-b. The set of QoE metrics may include an error ratesatisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, the errorrate satisfaction level indicating a level of satisfaction associatedwith a PER used for communications pertaining to a service provided toUE 115-d via base station 105-b. The set of QoE metrics may include anindication of an average throughput associated with communicationspertaining to a service provided to UE 115-d via base station 105-b, anindication of a retransmission probability for the communicationspertaining to the service, a standard deviation associated with thecommunications pertaining to the service, or a combination thereof. Theset of QoE metrics may include an indication of an average HTTP responsetime associated with communications pertaining to a service provided toUE 115-d via base station 105-b, a connection setup time for thecommunications pertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

In some cases, UE 115-d may generate a second report for the QoE serverbased on the QoE measurements and the second configuration, andtransmitting the second report to the QoE server via base station 105-bsuch that UE 115-d may transmit the second report to base station 105-band base station 105-b may transmit (e.g., relay) the second report tothe QoE server.

In some cases, base station 105-b may determine, based on the set of QoEmeasurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one or moreparameters for communicating with UE 115-d in association with a serviceprovided to UE 115-d, where the set of QoE measurements relate to theservice.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 asdescribed herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, acommunications manager 615, and a transmitter 620. The device 605 mayalso include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to QoEmeasurement and reporting, etc.). Information may be passed on to othercomponents of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9. Thereceiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 615 may receive a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a basestation and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to aQoE server, measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with theconfiguration message, generate a first report for the base stationbased on the QoE measurements and the first configuration, and transmitthe first report to the base station in accordance with the firstconfiguration. The communications manager 615 may be an example ofaspects of the communications manager 910 described herein.

The communications manager 615, or its sub-components, may beimplemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by aprocessor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executedby a processor, the functions of the communications manager 615, or itssub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmablelogic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed in the present disclosure.

The communications manager 615, or its sub-components, may be physicallylocated at various positions, including being distributed such thatportions of functions are implemented at different physical locations byone or more physical components. In some examples, the communicationsmanager 615, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinctcomponent in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.In some examples, the communications manager 615, or its sub-components,may be combined with one or more other hardware components, includingbut not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, anetwork server, another computing device, one or more other componentsdescribed in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 620 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 620 may becollocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 620 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 620 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 615 as described herein may be implemented torealize one or more potential advantages. One implementation may allowthe device 605 to more efficiently report QoE measurements to increasethe efficiency of optimizing traffic parameters associated with QoE byanother device. For example, a device 605 may measure QoE metrics andreport the QoE measurements to a base station (or a unit of the basestation), where the QoE report may be a real-time report, or a basestation-readable report, or both. The base station or one or more unitsof the base station may efficiently utilize the report to determinewhether to adjust parameters for communicating with the device 605 inassociation with a service provided to the device 605.

Based on implementing the QoE measurement and reporting techniques asdescribed herein, a processor of a UE 115 (e.g., controlling thereceiver 610, the transmitter 620, or the transceiver 920 as describedwith reference to FIG. 9) may increase reliability and efficiency in thecommunication of QoE measurements between a UE 115 and a base station(or one or more units of the base station).

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605,or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver710, a communications manager 715, and a transmitter 740. The device 705may also include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 710 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to QoEmeasurement and reporting, etc.). Information may be passed on to othercomponents of the device 705. The receiver 710 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9. Thereceiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 715 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 615 as described herein. The communicationsmanager 715 may include a configuration message manager 720, a QoEmeasurement manager 725, a report generator 730, and a reporttransmitter 735. The communications manager 715 may be an example ofaspects of the communications manager 910 described herein.

The configuration message manager 720 may receive a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingQoE measurements to a QoE server.

The QoE measurement manager 725 may measure one or more QoE metrics inaccordance with the configuration message. The report generator 730 maygenerate a first report for the base station based on the QoEmeasurements and the first configuration. The report transmitter 735 maytransmit the first report to the base station in accordance with thefirst configuration.

The transmitter 740 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 705. In some examples, the transmitter 740 may becollocated with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 740 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 740 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 805 thatsupports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure. The communications manager 805 may be an example ofaspects of a communications manager 615, a communications manager 715,or a communications manager 910 described herein. The communicationsmanager 805 may include a configuration message manager 810, a QoEmeasurement manager 815, a report generator 820, a report transmitter825, and a satisfaction level transmitter 830. Each of these modules maycommunicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one ormore buses).

The configuration message manager 810 may receive a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingQoE measurements to a QoE server. The QoE measurement manager 815 maymeasure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with the configurationmessage. The report generator 820 may generate a first report for thebase station based on the QoE measurements and the first configuration.The report transmitter 825 may transmit the first report to the basestation in accordance with the first configuration.

In some examples, the report transmitter 825 may transmit the firstreport to a CU of the base station, the base station including a CU andone or more DUs. In some examples, the report transmitter 825 maytransmit the first report via an applications layer report in accordancewith the first configuration.

In some examples, the report transmitter 825 may transmit the firstreport to a DU of the base station, the base station including a CU andone or more DUs. In some examples, the report transmitter 825 maytransmit the first report via an uplink MAC-CE in accordance with thefirst configuration.

In some examples, the report transmitter 825 may transmit a set of QoEmetrics that are formatted to be readable by the base station. In someexamples, the report transmitter 825 may transmit, as one of the set ofQoE metrics, an indication of an average throughput associated withcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation, an indication of a retransmission probability for thecommunications pertaining to the service, a standard deviationassociated with the communications pertaining to the service, or acombination thereof. In some examples, the report transmitter 825 maytransmit, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of an averageHTTP response time associated with communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station, a connection setup timefor the communications pertaining to the service, or a combinationthereof.

The satisfaction level transmitter 830 may transmit an overall QoEsatisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, the overallQoE satisfaction level metric indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with a service provided to the UE via the base station. Insome examples, the satisfaction level transmitter 830 may transmit abitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, thebitrate satisfaction level indicating a level of satisfaction associatedwith a bitrate used for communications pertaining to a service providedto the UE via the base station. In some examples, the satisfaction leveltransmitter 830 may transmit a delay satisfaction level metric as one ofthe set of QoE metrics, the delay satisfaction level indicating a levelof satisfaction associated with an experienced delay in communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station. In someexamples, the satisfaction level transmitter 830 may transmit an errorrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, theerror rate satisfaction level indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with a PER used for communications pertaining to a serviceprovided to the UE via the base station.

In some cases, the first report includes a type of service provided tothe UE via the base station and with which the one or more QoEmeasurements are associated. In some cases, the first report includes areal time QoE report indicating the one or more QoE measurements.

In some cases, the configuration message is received from a CU of thebase station. In some cases, the configuration message includes a typeof service with which the QoE measurements are associated.

In some examples, the report generator 820 may generate a second reportfor the QoE server based on the QoE measurements and the secondconfiguration. In some examples, the report transmitter 825 may transmitthe second report to the QoE server via the base station.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 thatsupports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include thecomponents of device 605, device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein.The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and datacommunications including components for transmitting and receivingcommunications, including a communications manager 910, an I/Ocontroller 915, a transceiver 920, an antenna 925, memory 930, and aprocessor 940. These components may be in electronic communication viaone or more buses (e.g., bus 945).

The communications manager 910 may receive a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a basestation and a second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to aQoE server, measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance with theconfiguration message, generate a first report for the base stationbased on the QoE measurements and the first configuration, and transmitthe first report to the base station in accordance with the firstconfiguration.

The I/O controller 915 may manage input and output signals for thedevice 905. The I/O controller 915 may also manage peripherals notintegrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I/O controller 915may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.In some cases, the I/O controller 915 may utilize an operating systemsuch as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, oranother known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 915may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, atouchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 915may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user mayinteract with the device 905 via the I/O controller 915 or via hardwarecomponents controlled by the I/O controller 915.

The transceiver 920 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, thetransceiver 920 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicatebi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 920may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide themodulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulatepackets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 925.However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 925,which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiplewireless transmissions.

The memory 930 may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-onlymemory (ROM). The memory 930 may store computer-readable,computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed,cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. Insome cases, the memory 930 may contain, among other things, a basic I/Osystem (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operationsuch as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, anFPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logiccomponent, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).In some cases, the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memoryarray using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller maybe integrated into the processor 940. The processor 940 may beconfigured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory(e.g., the memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform variousfunctions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting QoE measurement andreporting).

The code 935 may include instructions to implement aspects of thepresent disclosure, including instructions to support wirelesscommunications. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory.In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by theprocessor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled andexecuted) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a basestation 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver1010, a communications manager 1015, and a transmitter 1020. The device1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to QoEmeasurement and reporting, etc.). Information may be passed on to othercomponents of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 1320 described with reference to FIG. 13. Thereceiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 1015 may transmit, to a UE, a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to the base station and a second configuration forreporting QoE measurements to a QoE server, receive, from the UE, afirst report in accordance with the first configuration, the firstreport including a set of QoE measurements, and determine, based on theset of QoE measurements included in the first report, whether to adjustone or more parameters for communicating with the UE in association witha service provided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relateto the service. The communications manager 1015 may be an example ofaspects of the communications manager 1310 described herein.

The communications manager 1015, or its sub-components, may beimplemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by aprocessor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executedby a processor, the functions of the communications manager 1015, or itssub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, anASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinationthereof designed to perform the functions described in the presentdisclosure.

The communications manager 1015, or its sub-components, may bephysically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations by one or more physical components. In some examples, thecommunications manager 1015, or its sub-components, may be a separateand distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some examples, the communications manager 1015, or itssub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardwarecomponents, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O)component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device,one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or acombination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

The transmitter 1020 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1020 may becollocated with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example,the transmitter 1020 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver1320 described with reference to FIG. 13. The transmitter 1020 mayutilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device1005, or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 1105 mayinclude a receiver 1110, a communications manager 1115, and atransmitter 1135. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each ofthese components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via oneor more buses).

The receiver 1110 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to QoEmeasurement and reporting, etc.). Information may be passed on to othercomponents of the device 1105. The receiver 1110 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 1320 described with reference to FIG. 13. Thereceiver 1110 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 1015 as described herein. The communicationsmanager 1115 may include a configuration message transmitter 1120, areport receiver 1125, and a parameter adjustment component 1130. Thecommunications manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 1310 described herein.

The configuration message transmitter 1120 may transmit, to a UE, aconfiguration message that includes a first configuration for reportingQoE measurements to the base station and a second configuration forreporting QoE measurements to a QoE server. The report receiver 1125 mayreceive, from the UE, a first report in accordance with the firstconfiguration, the first report including a set of QoE measurements. Theparameter adjustment component 1130 may determine, based on the set ofQoE measurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one ormore parameters for communicating with the UE in association with aservice provided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relate tothe service.

The transmitter 1135 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 1105. In some examples, the transmitter 1135 may becollocated with a receiver 1110 in a transceiver module. For example,the transmitter 1135 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver1320 described with reference to FIG. 13. The transmitter 1135 mayutilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1205 thatsupports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure. The communications manager 1205 may be an example ofaspects of a communications manager 1015, a communications manager 1115,or a communications manager 1310 described herein. The communicationsmanager 1205 may include a configuration message transmitter 1210, areport receiver 1215, a parameter adjustment component 1220, a reporttransmission component 1225, a satisfaction level receiver 1230, and areport relayer 1235. Each of these modules may communicate, directly orindirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The configuration message transmitter 1210 may transmit, to a UE, aconfiguration message that includes a first configuration for reportingQoE measurements to the base station and a second configuration forreporting QoE measurements to a QoE server. The report receiver 1215 mayreceive, from the UE, a first report in accordance with the firstconfiguration, the first report including a set of QoE measurements. Theparameter adjustment component 1220 may determine, based on the set ofQoE measurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one ormore parameters for communicating with the UE in association with aservice provided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relate tothe service.

In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive the first reportat a CU of the base station, the base station including a CU and one ormore DUs. In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive thefirst report via an applications layer report in accordance with thefirst configuration. The report transmission component 1225 maytransmit, to a DU of the base station, a third report including at leasta portion of the QoE measurements included in the first report. In somecases, the third report includes a set of QoE metrics that are formattedto be readable by the base station and a type of service provided to theUE via the base station and with which the one or more QoE measurementsare associated. In some cases, the CU of the base station transmits thethird report to the DU of the base station via an F1 applicationprotocol interface or via a UE Context Setup or Modification procedure.In some cases, the third report is a non-real time report.

In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive the first reportat a DU of the base station, the base station including a CU and one ormore DUs. In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive thefirst report via an uplink MAC-CE in accordance with the firstconfiguration. In some examples, the report transmission component 1225may transmit, to the CU of the base station, a third report including atleast a portion of the QoE measurements included in the first report. Insome cases, the third report includes a real-time QoE report received atthe DU from the UE. In some cases, the DU of the base station transmitsthe third report to the CU of the base station via an F1 applicationprotocol interface. In some cases, the CU includes a CU user plane and aCU control plane, where the CU control plane receives the third reportfrom the DU and forwards the third report to the CU user plane via an E1application protocol interface using a bearer context setup ormodification procedure.

In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive a set of QoEmetrics that are formatted to be readable by the base station. In someexamples, the report receiver 1215 may receive, as one of the set of QoEmetrics, an indication of an average throughput associated withcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation, an indication of a retransmission probability for thecommunications pertaining to the service, a standard deviationassociated with the communications pertaining to the service, or acombination thereof. In some examples, the report receiver 1215 mayreceive, as one of the set of QoE metrics, an indication of an averageHTTP response time associated with communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station, a connection setup timefor the communications pertaining to the service, or a combinationthereof.

The satisfaction level receiver 1230 may receive an overall QoEsatisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, the overallQoE satisfaction level metric indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with a service provided to the UE via the base station. Insome examples, the satisfaction level receiver 1230 may receive abitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of QoE metrics, thebitrate satisfaction level metric indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with a bitrate used for communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station. In some examples, thesatisfaction level receiver 1230 may receive a delay satisfaction levelmetric as one of the set of QoE metrics, the delay satisfaction levelmetric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with an experienceddelay in communications pertaining to a service provided to the UE viathe base station. In some examples, the satisfaction level receiver 1230may receive an error rate satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofQoE metrics, the error rate satisfaction level metric indicating a levelof satisfaction associated with a PER used for communications pertainingto a service provided to the UE via the base station.

In some cases, the first report includes a type of service provided tothe UE via the base station and with which the one or more QoEmeasurements are associated. In some cases, the first report includes areal time QoE report indicating the one or more QoE measurements.

In some cases, the configuration message is transmitted from a CU of thebase station. In some cases, the configuration message includes a typeof service with which the QoE measurements are associated.

In some examples, the report receiver 1215 may receive, from the UE, thesecond report in accordance with the second configuration, where theintended recipient of the second report is the QoE server. The reportrelayer 1235 may relay the second report to the QoE server.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 thatsupports QoE measurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include thecomponents of device 1005, device 1105, or a base station 105 asdescribed herein. The device 1305 may include components forbi-directional voice and data communications including components fortransmitting and receiving communications, including a communicationsmanager 1310, a network communications manager 1315, a transceiver 1320,an antenna 1325, memory 1330, a processor 1340, and an inter-stationcommunications manager 1345. These components may be in electroniccommunication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1350).

The communications manager 1310 may transmit, to a UE, a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to the base station and a second configuration forreporting QoE measurements to a QoE server, receive, from the UE, afirst report in accordance with the first configuration, the firstreport including a set of QoE measurements, and determine, based on theset of QoE measurements included in the first report, whether to adjustone or more parameters for communicating with the UE in association witha service provided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relateto the service.

The network communications manager 1315 may manage communications withthe core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). Forexample, the network communications manager 1315 may manage the transferof data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

The transceiver 1320 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, thetransceiver 1320 may represent a wireless transceiver and maycommunicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. Thetransceiver 1320 may also include a modem to modulate the packets andprovide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and todemodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1325.However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1325,which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiplewireless transmissions.

The memory 1330 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Thememory 1330 may store computer-readable code 1335 including instructionsthat, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor 1340) cause thedevice to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, thememory 1330 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may controlbasic hardware or software operation such as the interaction withperipheral components or devices.

The processor 1340 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, anFPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logiccomponent, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).In some cases, the processor 1340 may be configured to operate a memoryarray using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller maybe integrated into processor 1340. The processor 1340 may be configuredto execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., thememory 1330) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions(e.g., functions or tasks supporting QoE measurement and reporting).

The inter-station communications manager 1345 may manage communicationswith other base station 105, and may include a controller or schedulerfor controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with otherbase stations 105. For example, the inter-station communications manager1345 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for variousinterference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or jointtransmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager1345 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wirelesscommunication network technology to provide communication between basestations 105.

The code 1335 may include instructions to implement aspects of thepresent disclosure, including instructions to support wirelesscommunications. The code 1335 may be stored in a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory.In some cases, the code 1335 may not be directly executable by theprocessor 1340 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled andexecuted) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1400 may be implemented by a UE 115or its components as described herein. For example, the operations ofmethod 1400 may be performed by a communications manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE may executea set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE toperform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, aUE may perform aspects of the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At 1405, the UE may receive a configuration message that includes afirst configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a base station anda second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoE server.The operations of 1405 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405may be performed by a configuration message manager as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1410, the UE may measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance withthe configuration message. The operations of 1410 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects ofthe operations of 1410 may be performed by a QoE measurement manager asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1415, the UE may generate a first report for the base station basedon the QoE measurements and the first configuration. The operations of1415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a reportgenerator as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1420, the UE may transmit the first report to the base station inaccordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics that are formatted to be readable by the basestation. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of1420 may be performed by a report transmitter as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be implemented by a UE 115or its components as described herein. For example, the operations ofmethod 1500 may be performed by a communications manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE may executea set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE toperform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, aUE may perform aspects of the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At 1505, the UE may receive a configuration message that includes afirst configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a base station anda second configuration for reporting QoE measurements to a QoE server.The operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505may be performed by a configuration message manager as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1510, the UE may measure one or more QoE metrics in accordance withthe configuration message. The operations of 1510 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects ofthe operations of 1510 may be performed by a QoE measurement manager asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1515, the UE may generate a first report for the base station basedon the QoE measurements and the first configuration. The operations of1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a reportgenerator as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1520, the UE may generate a second report for the QoE server based onthe QoE measurements and the second configuration. The operations of1520 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a reportgenerator as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1525, the UE may transmit the first report to the base station inaccordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics that are formatted to be readable by the basestation. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of1525 may be performed by a report transmitter as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At 1530, the UE may transmit the second report to the QoE server via thebase station. The operations of 1530 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of1530 may be performed by a report transmitter as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be implemented by a basestation 105 or its components as described herein. For example, theoperations of method 1600 may be performed by a communications manageras described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13. In some examples, abase station may execute a set of instructions to control the functionalelements of the base station to perform the functions described below.Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1605, the base station may transmit, to a UE, a configuration messagethat includes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements tothe base station and a second configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a QoE server. The operations of 1605 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects ofthe operations of 1605 may be performed by a configuration messagetransmitter as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1610, the base station may receive, from the UE, a first report inaccordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics and a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoEmetrics are formatted to be readable by the base station. The operationsof 1610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. Insome examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by areport receiver as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1615, the base station may determine, based on the set of QoEmeasurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one or moreparameters for communicating with the UE in association with a serviceprovided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relate to theservice. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of1615 may be performed by a parameter adjustment component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports QoEmeasurement and reporting in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a basestation 105 or its components as described herein. For example, theoperations of method 1700 may be performed by a communications manageras described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13. In some examples, abase station may execute a set of instructions to control the functionalelements of the base station to perform the functions described below.Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1705, the base station may transmit, to a UE, a configuration messagethat includes a first configuration for reporting QoE measurements tothe base station and a second configuration for reporting QoEmeasurements to a QoE server. The operations of 1705 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects ofthe operations of 1705 may be performed by a configuration messagetransmitter as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1710, the base station may receive, from the UE, a first report inaccordance with the first configuration, the first report including aset of QoE metrics and a set of QoE measurements, where the set of QoEmetrics are formatted to be readable by the base station. The operationsof 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. Insome examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by areport receiver as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1715, the base station may receive, from the UE, the second report inaccordance with the second configuration, where the intended recipientof the second report is the QoE server. The operations of 1715 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In some examples,aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a report receiveras described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1720, the base station may determine, based on the set of QoEmeasurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one or moreparameters for communicating with the UE in association with a serviceprovided to the UE, where the set of QoE measurements relate to theservice. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of1720 may be performed by a parameter adjustment component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.

At 1725, the base station may relay the second report to the QoE server.The operations of 1725 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725may be performed by a report relayer as described with reference toFIGS. 10 through 13.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possibleimplementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearrangedor otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

Example 1: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising:receiving a configuration message that includes a first configurationfor reporting quality of experience measurements to a base station and asecond configuration for reporting quality of experience measurements toa quality of experience server; measuring one or more quality ofexperience metrics in accordance with the configuration message;generating a first report for the base station based at least in part onthe quality of experience measurements and the first configuration; andtransmitting the first report to the base station in accordance with thefirst configuration, the first report comprising a set of quality ofexperience metrics that are formatted to be readable by the basestation.

Example 2: The method of example 1, wherein transmitting the firstreport to the base station further comprises: transmitting the firstreport to a central unit of the base station, the base stationcomprising the central unit and one or more distributed units.

Example 3: The method of example 2, wherein transmitting the firstreport to the central unit of the base station comprises: transmittingthe first report via an applications layer report in accordance with thefirst configuration.

Example 4: The method of any of examples 1 through 3, whereintransmitting the first report to the base station further comprises:transmitting the first report to a distributed unit of the base station,the base station comprising a central unit and one or more distributedunits.

Example 5: The method of example 4, wherein transmitting the firstreport to the distributed unit of the base station comprises:transmitting the first report via an uplink medium access control (MAC)control element (CE) in accordance with the first configuration.

Example 6: The method of any of examples 1 through 5, whereintransmitting the first report to the base station further comprises:transmitting a set of quality of experience metrics that are formattedto be readable by the base station.

Example 7: The method of example 6, wherein transmitting the set ofquality of experience metrics comprises: transmitting an overall qualityof experience satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the overall quality of experience satisfaction levelmetric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with a serviceprovided to the UE via the base station.

Example 8: The method of any of examples 6 or 7, wherein transmittingthe set of quality of experience metrics comprises: transmitting abitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the bitrate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.

Example 9: The method of any of examples 6 through 8, whereintransmitting the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:transmitting a delay satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofquality of experience metrics, the delay satisfaction level indicating alevel of satisfaction associated with an experienced delay incommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation.

Example 10: The method of any of examples 6 through 9, whereintransmitting the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:transmitting an error rate satisfaction level metric as one of the setof quality of experience metrics, the error rate satisfaction levelindicating a level of satisfaction associated with a packet error rateused for communications pertaining to a service provided to the UE viathe base station.

Example 11: The method of any of examples 6 through 10, whereintransmitting the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:transmitting, as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, anindication of an average throughput associated with communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station, anindication of a retransmission probability for the communicationspertaining to the service, a standard deviation associated with thecommunications pertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

Example 12: The method of any of examples 6 through 11, whereintransmitting the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:transmitting, as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, anindication of an average hypertext transmission protocol response timeassociated with communications pertaining to a service provided to theUE via the base station, a connection setup time for the communicationspertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

Example 13: The method of any of examples 1 through 12, wherein thefirst report comprises a type of service provided to the UE via the basestation and with which the one or more quality of experiencemeasurements are associated.

Example 14: The method of any of examples 1 through 13, wherein thefirst report comprises a real time quality of experience reportindicating the one or more quality of experience measurements.

Example 15: The method of any of examples 1 through 14, wherein theconfiguration message is received from a central unit of the basestation.

Example 16: The method of any of examples 1 through 15, wherein theconfiguration message comprises a type of service with which the qualityof experience measurements are associated.

Example 17: The method of any of examples 1 through 16, furthercomprising: generating a second report for the quality of experienceserver based at least in part on the quality of experience measurementsand the second configuration; and transmitting the second report to thequality of experience server via the base station.

Example 18: An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing amethod of any of examples 1 to 17.

Example 19: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising aprocessor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus toperform a method of any of examples 1 to 17.

Example 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable bya processor to perform a method of any of examples 1 to 17.

Example 21: A method for wireless communications at a base station,comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a configurationmessage that includes a first configuration for reporting quality ofexperience measurements to the base station and a second configurationfor reporting quality of experience measurements to a quality ofexperience server; receiving, from the UE, a first report in accordancewith the first configuration, the first report comprising a set ofquality of experience metrics and a set of quality of experiencemeasurements, wherein the set of quality of experience metrics areformatted to be readable by the base station; and determining, based atleast in part on the set of quality of experience measurements includedin the first report, whether to adjust one or more parameters forcommunicating with the UE in association with a service provided to theUE, wherein the set of quality of experience measurements relate to theservice.

Example 22: The method of example 21, wherein receiving the first reportfrom the UE further comprises: receiving the first report at a centralunit of the base station, the base station comprising the central unitand one or more distributed units.

Example 23: The method of example 22, wherein receiving the first reportat the central unit of the base station comprises: receiving the firstreport via an applications layer report in accordance with the firstconfiguration.

Example 24: The method of any of examples 22 or 23, further comprising:transmitting, to a distributed unit of the base station, a third reportcomprising at least a portion of the quality of experience measurementsincluded in the first report.

Example 25: The method of example 24, wherein the third report comprisesa set of quality of experience metrics that are formatted to be readableby the base station and a type of service provided to the UE via thebase station and with which the one or more quality of experiencemeasurements are associated.

Example 26: The method of example 25, wherein the central unit of thebase station transmits the third report to the distributed unit of thebase station via an F1 application protocol interface or via a UEContext Setup or Modification procedure.

Example 27: The method of any of examples 25 or 26, wherein the thirdreport is a non-real time report.

Example 28: The method of any of examples 21 through 27, whereinreceiving the first report from the UE further comprises: receiving thefirst report at a distributed unit of the base station, the base stationcomprising a central unit and one or more distributed units.

Example 29: The method of example 28, wherein receiving the first reportat the distributed unit of the base station comprises: receiving thefirst report via an uplink medium access control (MAC) control element(CE) in accordance with the first configuration.

Example 30: The method of any of examples 28 or 29, further comprising:transmitting, to the central unit of the base station, a third reportcomprising at least a portion of the quality of experience measurementsincluded in the first report.

Example 31: The method of example 30, wherein the third report comprisesa real-time quality of experience report received at the distributedunit from the UE.

Example 32: The method of any of examples 30 or 31, wherein thedistributed unit of the base station transmits the third report to thecentral unit of the base station via an F1 application protocolinterface.

Example 33: The method of any of examples 30 through 32, wherein thecentral unit comprises a central unit user plane and a central unitcontrol plane, wherein the central unit control plane receives the thirdreport from the distributed unit and forwards the third report to thecentral unit user plane via an E1 application protocol interface using abearer context setup or modification procedure.

Example 34: The method of any of examples 21 through 33, whereinreceiving the first report from the UE further comprises: receiving aset of quality of experience metrics that are formatted to be readableby the base station.

Example 35: The method of example 34, wherein receiving the set ofquality of experience metrics comprises: receiving an overall quality ofexperience satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the overall quality of experience satisfaction levelmetric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with a serviceprovided to the UE via the base station.

Example 36: The method of any of examples 34 or 35, herein receiving theset of quality of experience metrics comprises: receiving a bitratesatisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality of experiencemetrics, the bitrate satisfaction level metric indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.

Example 37: The method of any of examples 34 through 36, whereinreceiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises: receivinga delay satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the delay satisfaction level metric indicating alevel of satisfaction associated with an experienced delay incommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation.

Example 38: The method of any of examples 34 through 37, whereinreceiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises: receivingan error rate satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the error rate satisfaction level metric indicatinga level of satisfaction associated with a packet error rate used forcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation.

Example 39: The method of any of examples 34 through 38, whereinreceiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises: receiving,as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, an indication of anaverage throughput associated with communications pertaining to aservice provided to the UE via the base station, an indication of aretransmission probability for the communications pertaining to theservice, a standard deviation associated with the communicationspertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.

Example 40: The method of any of examples 34 through 39, whereinreceiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises: receiving,as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, an indication of anaverage hypertext transmission protocol response time associated withcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation, a connection setup time for the communications pertaining tothe service, or a combination thereof.

Example 41: The method of any of examples 21 through 40, wherein thefirst report comprises a type of service provided to the UE via the basestation and with which the one or more quality of experiencemeasurements are associated.

Example 42: The method of any of examples 21 through 41, wherein thefirst report comprises a real time quality of experience reportindicating the one or more quality of experience measurements.

Example 43: The method of any of examples 21 through 42, wherein theconfiguration message is transmitted from a central unit of the basestation.

Example 44: The method of any of examples 21 through 43, wherein theconfiguration message comprises a type of service with which the qualityof experience measurements are associated.

Example 45: The method of any of examples 21 through 44, furthercomprising: receiving, from the UE, the second report in accordance withthe second configuration, wherein the intended recipient of the secondreport is the quality of experience server; and relaying the secondreport to the quality of experience server.

Example 46: An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing amethod of any of examples 21 to 45.

Example 47: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising aprocessor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus toperform a method of any of examples 21 to 45.

Example 48: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable bya processor to perform a method of any of examples 21 to 45.

Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may bedescribed for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NRterminology may be used in much of the description, the techniquesdescribed herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NRnetworks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable tovarious other wireless communications systems such as Ultra MobileBroadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, aswell as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentionedherein.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any ofa variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data,instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chipsthat may be referenced throughout the description may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connectionwith the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be anyprocessor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processormay also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., acombination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, oneor more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any othersuch configuration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to thenature of software, functions described herein may be implemented usingsoftware executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storagemedia and communication media including any medium that facilitatestransfer of a computer program from one place to another. Anon-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may beaccessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media mayinclude RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flashmemory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othernon-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired programcode means in the form of instructions or data structures and that maybe accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or ageneral-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the softwareis transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using acoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line(DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave,then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc,as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproducedata magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Combinations of the above are also included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items(e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or“one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, alist of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BCor ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “basedon” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions.For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A”may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as usedherein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner asthe phrase “based at least in part on.”

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label, or othersubsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appendeddrawings, describes example configurations and does not represent allthe examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of theclaims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example,instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous overother examples.” The detailed description includes specific details forthe purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques.These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown inblock diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of thedescribed examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinaryskill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications tothe disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in theart, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to othervariations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, thedisclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein,but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principlesand novel features disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communications at a userequipment (UE), comprising: receiving a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting quality of experiencemeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingquality of experience measurements to a quality of experience server;measuring one or more quality of experience metrics in accordance withthe configuration message; generating a first report for the basestation based at least in part on the quality of experience measurementsand the first configuration; and transmitting the first report to thebase station in accordance with the first configuration, the firstreport comprising a set of quality of experience metrics that areformatted to be readable by the base station.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein transmitting the first report to the base station furthercomprises: transmitting the first report to a central unit of the basestation, the base station comprising the central unit and one or moredistributed units.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting thefirst report to the central unit of the base station comprises:transmitting the first report via an applications layer report inaccordance with the first configuration.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein transmitting the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:transmitting an overall quality of experience satisfaction level metricas one of the set of quality of experience metrics, the overall qualityof experience satisfaction level metric indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a service provided to the UE via the basestation.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the set ofquality of experience metrics comprises: transmitting a bitratesatisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality of experiencemetrics, the bitrate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a bitrate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting the set of quality of experiencemetrics comprises: transmitting a delay satisfaction level metric as oneof the set of quality of experience metrics, the delay satisfactionlevel indicating a level of satisfaction associated with an experienceddelay in communications pertaining to a service provided to the UE viathe base station.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the setof quality of experience metrics comprises: transmitting an error ratesatisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality of experiencemetrics, the error rate satisfaction level indicating a level ofsatisfaction associated with a packet error rate used for communicationspertaining to a service provided to the UE via the base station.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting the set of quality of experiencemetrics comprises: transmitting, as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, an indication of an average throughput associatedwith communications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via thebase station, an indication of a retransmission probability for thecommunications pertaining to the service, a standard deviationassociated with the communications pertaining to the service, or acombination thereof.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting theset of quality of experience metrics comprises: transmitting, as one ofthe set of quality of experience metrics, an indication of an averagehypertext transmission protocol response time associated withcommunications pertaining to a service provided to the UE via the basestation, a connection setup time for the communications pertaining tothe service, or a combination thereof.
 10. The method of claim 1,wherein the first report comprises a type of service provided to the UEvia the base station and with which one or more quality of experiencemeasurements are associated.
 11. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: generating a second report for the quality of experienceserver based at least in part on the quality of experience measurementsand the second configuration; and transmitting the second report to thequality of experience server via the base station.
 12. A method forwireless communications at a base station, comprising: transmitting, toa user equipment (UE), a configuration message that includes a firstconfiguration for reporting quality of experience measurements to thebase station and a second configuration for reporting quality ofexperience measurements to a quality of experience server; receiving,from the UE, a first report in accordance with the first configuration,the first report comprising a set of quality of experience metrics and aset of quality of experience measurements, wherein the set of quality ofexperience metrics are formatted to be readable by the base station; anddetermining, based at least in part on the set of quality of experiencemeasurements included in the first report, whether to adjust one or moreparameters for communicating with the UE in association with a serviceprovided to the UE, wherein the set of quality of experiencemeasurements relate to the service.
 13. The method of claim 12, whereinreceiving the first report from the UE further comprises: receiving thefirst report at a central unit of the base station, the base stationcomprising the central unit and one or more distributed units.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein receiving the first report at the centralunit of the base station comprises: receiving the first report via anapplications layer report in accordance with the first configuration.15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: transmitting, to adistributed unit of the base station, a third report comprising at leasta portion of the quality of experience measurements included in thefirst report.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the third reportcomprises the set of quality of experience metrics that are formatted tobe readable by the base station and a type of service provided to the UEvia the base station and with which the set of quality of experiencemeasurements are associated.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein thecentral unit of the base station transmits the third report to thedistributed unit of the base station via an F1 application protocolinterface or via a UE Context Setup or Modification procedure.
 18. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising: transmitting, to the centralunit of the base station, a third report comprising at least a portionof the quality of experience measurements included in the first report.19. The method of claim 18, wherein the third report comprises areal-time quality of experience report received at the distributed unitfrom the UE.
 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the distributed unit ofthe base station transmits the third report to the central unit of thebase station via an F1 application protocol interface.
 21. The method ofclaim 18, wherein the central unit comprises a central unit user planeand a central unit control plane, wherein the central unit control planereceives the third report from the distributed unit and forwards thethird report to the central unit user plane via an E1 applicationprotocol interface using a bearer context setup or modificationprocedure.
 22. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the set ofquality of experience metrics comprises: receiving an overall quality ofexperience satisfaction level metric as one of the set of quality ofexperience metrics, the overall quality of experience satisfaction levelmetric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with the serviceprovided to the UE via the base station.
 23. The method of claim 12,wherein receiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises:receiving a bitrate satisfaction level metric as one of the set ofquality of experience metrics, the bitrate satisfaction level metricindicating a level of satisfaction associated with a bitrate used forcommunications pertaining to the service provided to the UE via the basestation.
 24. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the set ofquality of experience metrics comprises: receiving a delay satisfactionlevel metric as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, thedelay satisfaction level metric indicating a level of satisfactionassociated with an experienced delay in communications pertaining to theservice provided to the UE via the base station.
 25. The method of claim12, wherein receiving the set of quality of experience metricscomprises: receiving an error rate satisfaction level metric as one ofthe set of quality of experience metrics, the error rate satisfactionlevel metric indicating a level of satisfaction associated with a packeterror rate used for communications pertaining to the service provided tothe UE via the base station.
 26. The method of claim 12, whereinreceiving the set of quality of experience metrics comprises: receiving,as one of the set of quality of experience metrics, an indication of anaverage throughput associated with communications pertaining to theservice provided to the UE via the base station, an indication of aretransmission probability for the communications pertaining to theservice, a standard deviation associated with the communicationspertaining to the service, or a combination thereof.
 27. The method ofclaim 12, wherein receiving the set of quality of experience metricscomprises: receiving, as one of the set of quality of experiencemetrics, an indication of an average hypertext transmission protocolresponse time associated with communications pertaining to the serviceprovided to the UE via the base station, a connection setup time for thecommunications pertaining to the service, or a combination thereof. 28.The method of claim 12, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, asecond report in accordance with the second configuration, wherein aintended recipient of the second report is the quality of experienceserver; and relaying the second report to the quality of experienceserver.
 29. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: aprocessor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:receive a configuration message that includes a first configuration forreporting quality of experience measurements to a base station and asecond configuration for reporting quality of experience measurements toa quality of experience server; measure one or more quality ofexperience metrics in accordance with the configuration message;generate a first report for the base station based at least in part onthe quality of experience measurements and the first configuration; andtransmit the first report to the base station in accordance with thefirst configuration, the first report comprising a set of quality ofexperience metrics that are formatted to be readable by the basestation.
 30. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: aprocessor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration message thatincludes a first configuration for reporting quality of experiencemeasurements to a base station and a second configuration for reportingquality of experience measurements to a quality of experience server;receive, from the UE, a first report in accordance with the firstconfiguration, the first report comprising a set of quality ofexperience metrics and a set of quality of experience measurements,wherein the set of quality of experience metrics are formatted to bereadable by the base station; and determine, based at least in part onthe set of quality of experience measurements included in the firstreport, whether to adjust one or more parameters for communicating withthe UE in association with a service provided to the UE, wherein the setof quality of experience measurements relate to the service.